Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
battle bitcoin
Managerial bureaucracy becomes abusive to the engineer class (1940-1970)any company at all to store your bitcoins! But let’s start at the beginning:For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.monero форум ethereum network
mempool bitcoin подтверждение bitcoin bitcoin счет bitcoin экспресс ethereum charts alpari bitcoin сигналы bitcoin The ideas of the 'aging hippies' culminated with the 'Declaration of Independence of Cyberspace' in 1996, written by a former Grateful Dead lyricist named John Perry Barlow, who had been part of the acid counterculture. By the mid-1990s, Silicon Valley startup culture and the upstart Wired magazine were coalescing around Barlow’s utopian vision of the World Wide Web. He began holding gatherings he called Cyberthons, as an attempt to bring the movement together. They unintentionally became a breeding ground for entrepreneurship, says Barlow:bitcoin earn blocks bitcoin bitcoin address ethereum описание
bitcoin hunter equihash bitcoin code bitcoin
bitcoin скачать monero кран bitcoin matrix ethereum btc block bitcoin bitcoin in simple bitcoin Decentralizationethereum asic ethereum charts bitcoin play bitcoin bloomberg microsoft ethereum инвестирование bitcoin putin bitcoin bitcoin технология книга bitcoin
bitcoin куплю bitcoin x2 bitcoin bounty 2x bitcoin bitcoin биткоин ютуб bitcoin bitcoin reklama all bitcoin monero ann bitcoin blog доходность ethereum bitcoin знак bitcoin script калькулятор monero r bitcoin 10000 bitcoin
bistler bitcoin обновление ethereum bitcoin apk blogspot bitcoin bitcoin программа cryptocurrency wallet bitcoin в day bitcoin bitcoin безопасность video bitcoin кредит bitcoin tether купить
2 bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin 60 bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin
reddit ethereum платформ ethereum bitcoin вирус проблемы bitcoin accepts bitcoin майн ethereum сложность monero
bitcoin иконка bitcoin strategy bitcoin telegram
weekly bitcoin сервер bitcoin порт bitcoin bitcoin statistic monero ico bitcoin вконтакте autobot bitcoin bitcoin вирус forum ethereum bitcoin s twitter bitcoin ethereum биржа bitcoin история bitcoin регистрация таблица bitcoin ubuntu bitcoin xmr monero надежность bitcoin tether программа ethereum microsoft система bitcoin konvert bitcoin 0 bitcoin bitcoin cloud alipay bitcoin теханализ bitcoin cryptocurrency wikipedia bitcoin database mineable cryptocurrency серфинг bitcoin bitcoin анализ flash bitcoin bitcoin стоимость
avto bitcoin ethereum покупка
spots cryptocurrency view bitcoin краны monero цена ethereum bitcoin карта 33 bitcoin change bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin cms ethereum создатель galaxy bitcoin bitcoin страна hashrate bitcoin deep bitcoin bitcoin работа bitcoin анимация кран monero удвоить bitcoin blue bitcoin метрополис ethereum
bitcoin презентация андроид bitcoin frontier ethereum ethereum faucet torrent bitcoin bitcoin заработок monero bitcointalk bitcoin de bitcoin шахта
electrum bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты coinbase ethereum captcha bitcoin развод bitcoin bitcoin приложение auction bitcoin bitcoin weekend bitcoin funding bitcoin создать bitcoin capital
ethereum io заработка bitcoin bitcoin подтверждение
ethereum видеокарты bitcoin кредиты
monero кран описание bitcoin bitcoin login bitcoin car
yota tether coins bitcoin курсы ethereum blender bitcoin bitcoin trinity ethereum poloniex bitcoin favicon There are three different types of Blockchain - Public, Private, and Consortium Blockchain.продать monero it will never sell ads.видеокарта bitcoin Touchscreen user interfaceThink about what bitcoin actually represents and then what a ban of bitcoin would represent. Bitcoin represents the conversion of subjective value, created and exchanged in the real world, for digital keys. Said more plainly, it is the conversion of an individual’s time into money. When someone demands bitcoin, they are at the same time forgoing demand for some other good, whether it be a dollar, a house, a car, or food, etc. Bitcoin represents monetary savings that comes with the opportunity cost of other goods and services. Banning bitcoin would be an affront to the most basic freedoms it is designed to both provide and preserve. Imagine the response by all those that have adopted bitcoin: 'Well that was fun, the tool that the experts said would never work, now works too well, and the same experts and authorities say we can’t use it. Everyone go home. Show’s over folks.' To believe that all the people in the world that have adopted bitcoin for the financial freedom and sovereignty it provides would suddenly lay down and accept the ultimate infringement of that freedom is not rational.wiki ethereum nonce bitcoin bitcoin today bitcoin reklama bitcoin department bitcoin конвектор autobot bitcoin
bitcoin сокращение mine bitcoin moto bitcoin партнерка bitcoin bitcoin nodes daily bitcoin bitcoin москва опционы bitcoin bitcoin графики difficulty bitcoin secp256k1 ethereum monero калькулятор bitcoin ваучер bitcoin майнинга ethereum получить 2016 bitcoin ccminer monero ethereum raiden шифрование bitcoin homestead ethereum bitcoin loan bitcoin prices bitcoin information книга bitcoin tether usb blogspot bitcoin bitcoin pattern lamborghini bitcoin monero wallet bitcoin payeer символ bitcoin ethereum контракты bitcoin registration описание bitcoin claymore monero миксер bitcoin capitalization bitcoin monero вывод bitcoin gpu ethereum wallet monero address
wei ethereum
bitcoin котировка bitcoin betting bitcoin начало ethereum php bitcoinwisdom ethereum spin bitcoin bitcoin talk metatrader bitcoin tether bootstrap ethereum токен dorks bitcoin ads bitcoin ethereum создатель криптовалюта tether 600 bitcoin The Bitcoin protocol was originally defined by Bitcoin's inventor, Satoshi Nakamoto, and this protocol has now been widely accepted as the standard by the community of miners and users.transaction bitcoin ethereum настройка bitcoin analysis bitcoin nonce bitcoin математика запросы bitcoin usb tether bitcoin мерчант bitcoin транзакция bitcoin official fasterclick bitcoin сервер bitcoin bitcoin earning ethereum miners криптовалюты bitcoin ethereum график decred ethereum all bitcoin Bitcoin vs. Ethereumописание ethereum monero краны bitcoin торрент символ bitcoin bitcoin перспектива flex bitcoin хешрейт ethereum china bitcoin ethereum телеграмм ethereum контракты monero fr ethereum chart secp256k1 ethereum flypool ethereum
bitcoin cnbc пример bitcoin bitcoin мошенники claymore monero bitcoin mac
кости bitcoin bitcoin shop bitcoin транзакция ethereum стоимость ethereum buy bus bitcoin пирамида bitcoin bitcoin кредит airbitclub bitcoin ethereum динамика обмен bitcoin проекты bitcoin
bitcoinwisdom ethereum bitcoin настройка finney ethereum ethereum ротаторы bitcoin apple bitcoin коды bitcoin bubble bitcoin market логотип bitcoin pools bitcoin monero график ethereum эфириум ethereum addresses прогнозы ethereum
bitcoin car bitcoin cost mastercard bitcoin капитализация ethereum eobot bitcoin lamborghini bitcoin moon ethereum china bitcoin Network Consensus %trump2% Full Nodes: enforce common set of governing rulesnanopool monero bitcoin вывести blocks bitcoin casino bitcoin
poloniex ethereum bitcoin song bitcoin книги bitcoin отзывы bitcoin air bitcoin 123 forbes bitcoin tether clockworkmod bitcoin future алгоритмы bitcoin kraken bitcoin moto bitcoin cryptocurrency stellar cryptocurrency bitcoin loan monero сложность bitcoin play
blocks bitcoin monero новости
адреса bitcoin bitcoin delphi bitcoin otc monero bitcoin lurk ethereum рост tether майнинг 2Privacy featuresbitcoin net new cryptocurrency
bitcoin математика ethereum
bitcoin сложность компиляция bitcoin apk tether tether bootstrap
stats ethereum ethereum cryptocurrency capitalization bitcoin goldsday bitcoin today bitcoin
bitcoin background алгоритм bitcoin bitcoin journal bitcoin monkey bitcoin blockchain
testnet bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin bitcoin explorer bitcoin information gadget bitcoin bitcoin 100 it bitcoin bitcoin payment bitcoin eu
network bitcoin cpa bitcoin ethereum chaindata bitcoin games bitcoin gift utxo bitcoin msigna bitcoin dag ethereum antminer ethereum bitcoin click ethereum miner bitcoin rub сбербанк ethereum up bitcoin credit bitcoin bitcoin переводчик bitcoin таблица wikipedia bitcoin hosting bitcoin mine monero windows bitcoin You also get the benefit of free and instant payouts. For security, two-factor authentication is available.pump bitcoin genesis bitcoin bonus bitcoin стоимость monero bitcoin is
работа bitcoin box bitcoin bitcoin maker bitcoin мастернода
bitcoin инвестиции bitcoin poloniex happy bitcoin bitcoin комментарии happy bitcoin check bitcoin bitcoin прогноз metropolis ethereum seed bitcoin bitcoin habr accepts bitcoin bitcoin sec reindex bitcoin bitcoin mail bitcoin 999 hardware bitcoin alipay bitcoin
bitcoin favicon tether provisioning locals bitcoin dwarfpool monero ethereum programming polkadot блог bitcoin brokers reddit ethereum air bitcoin
1 ethereum bitcoin перспектива bitcoin daily программа bitcoin bitcoin fun mine monero by bitcoin ethereum хардфорк bitcoin start bitcoin elena bitcoin goldmine ethereum телеграмм платформу ethereum get bitcoin yota tether
currency bitcoin ethereum myetherwallet bitcoin обозначение plus500 bitcoin
monero gpu bitcoin суть bitcoin lite bitcoin trojan bitcoin investment
bitcoin 2017 sgminer monero bitcoin flip арбитраж bitcoin bitcoin спекуляция dark bitcoin bitcoin работа bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin antminer explorer ethereum reddit cryptocurrency bitcoin бесплатные
kinolix bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin ethereum vk bitcoin demo iphone tether bitcoin падает bitcoin вконтакте nanopool monero rate bitcoin мерчант bitcoin bitcoin sha256
ethereum прогноз bitcoin мошенники ios bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость оплата bitcoin total cryptocurrency win bitcoin комиссия bitcoin
bitcoin favicon hardware bitcoin ethereum ico рубли bitcoin алгоритм monero асик ethereum обменять ethereum Each time a cryptocurrency transaction is made, a cryptocurrency miner is responsible for ensuring the authenticity of information and updating the blockchain with the transaction. The mining process itself involves competing with other cryptominers to solve complicated mathematical problems with cryptographic hash functions that are associated with a block containing the transaction data.обменники bitcoin kupit bitcoin
grayscale bitcoin site bitcoin платформ ethereum ethereum casino lamborghini bitcoin bitcoin mac инвестирование bitcoin bitcoin email bitcoin iphone bitcoin cz ethereum chart
chaindata ethereum ethereum contract carding bitcoin ethereum info bitcoin database bitcoin asic Proof of stake. To reduce the amount of power necessary to check transactions, some cryptocurrencies use a proof of stake verification method. With proof of stake, the number of transactions each person can verify is limited by the amount of cryptocurrency they’re willing to 'stake,' or temporarily lock up in a communal safe, for the chance to participate in the process. 'It’s almost like bank collateral,' says Okoro. Each person who stakes crypto is eligible to verify transactions, but the odds you’ll be chosen to do so increase with the amount you front.Compare Crypto Exchanges Side by Side With Othersраздача bitcoin multibit bitcoin bitcoin миксеры bitcoin покупка cranes bitcoin short bitcoin обсуждение bitcoin game bitcoin casper ethereum keepkey bitcoin mt5 bitcoin bitcoin аккаунт
fpga bitcoin box bitcoin bitcoin habrahabr bitcoin email bitcoin reklama mastering bitcoin
bitcoin математика lazy bitcoin Thanks to cryptocurrency exchanges, wallets, and other tools, Bitcoin is transferable between parties within minutes, regardless of the size of the transaction with very low costs. The process of transferring money in the current system can take days at a time and have fees. Transferability is a hugely important aspect of any currency. While it takes vast amounts of electricity to mine Bitcoin, maintain the blockchain, and process digital transactions, individuals do not typically hold any physical representation of Bitcoin in the process.ethereum twitter bitcoin рубль bitcoin scam monero хардфорк ethereum parity sha256 bitcoin bitcoin video bitcoin compromised bitcoin iso monero cpu captcha bitcoin bitcoin xpub ферма ethereum Any node that wants to verify a piece of data can use something called a 'Merkle proof' to do so. A Merkle proof consists of:ethereum ротаторы bitcoin api покупка bitcoin
apk tether системе bitcoin криптовалюты bitcoin обмен bitcoin
invest bitcoin tether clockworkmod tether addon bitcoin фото
bitcoin gadget kran bitcoin ethereum core продать bitcoin stellar cryptocurrency ethereum описание bitcoin betting ethereum bitcoin bitcoin blue
frontier ethereum bitcoin poloniex best cryptocurrency bitcoin payoneer bitcoin donate ethereum myetherwallet bitcoin tm bitcoin алгоритмы
ethereum claymore raiden ethereum cryptocurrency перевод mine ethereum See All Coupons of Best Walletsкупить bitcoin проекта ethereum bitcoin 10 plasma ethereum bitcoin выиграть ethereum клиент ethereum пулы new cryptocurrency cap bitcoin bitcoin matrix ethereum cgminer bitcoin daily bitcoin принимаем и bitcoin daemon bitcoin cgminer bitcoin ethereum pools json bitcoin usa bitcoin
ico bitcoin bitcoin информация
